METHODS: Repeated assessments were conducted in rehabilitation wards of a medical centre. 24-31. We hypothesised that the factor scores of the DASS-21-V would show negative correlations with the ADHP-V domain scores and the largest correlations would be with the mental health domains (including mental health, anxiety and depression). 86, pp. The survey was administered during a normal 45-minute-class session. We thus decided to test a two factor model, in which the physiological arousal factor remained unchanged and the other two factors were combined into one general distress factor [18] (2F-model 6). Using a gold standard validation method in which the scores from this instrument were compared with diagnostic interviews, Tran et al [22] found that the scale failed to differentiate depressed women from anxious ones and that exploratory factor analysis yielded only one “emotional state” factor, instead of the original three factors. The Duke Health Profile (DHP) is a 17-item measure for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) [30]. Models examined were based on the results from previous research about factor structures of the DASS-21 among adolescents [15,18,19,21,22,34]. The results are robust with a systematically recruited, large sample, participants representing students from three main types of high schools and institutions in Vietnam, a high response rate and a low level of incomplete data. A four-factor model, in which there was a second-order factor linking all the three Depression, Anxiety and Stress factors but with no direct item loading on this factor and no correlation between Depression, Anxiety and Stress factors (4F-model 10) was also tested. Convergent validity of manual and automated AU coding To evaluate convergence between manual and automated coding of specific AUs, we focused in our correlation analyses for each AU only on those emotions for which it was a key ingredient and therefore should also show sufficient variation (i.e., correlations with grey background in Table 2 ). 0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. PLoS ONE 12(7): Factor scores from the best-fit model were calculated and the correlations between these factor scores and the ten domain scores of the ADHP-V were examined. A total of 1,606/ 1,745 (92.6%) students returned the questionnaire. This result again suggests that among these Vietnamese adolescents, the conventional DASS-21 factors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress did not perform in the same way as they do among adults. Results from the principal factor analyses conducted separately for girls and boys revealed four factors in both groups (see Table 5), which indicated configurational invariance. An essential issue regarding personality measures is the existence of convergent validity evidence. There are 21 items in this scale with four response options: 0 “Did not apply to me at all–Never”, 1 “Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time–Sometimes”, 2 “Applied to me to a considerable degree, or a good part of time–Often” to 3 “Applied to me very much, or most of the time–Almost always”. The DASS-21 has been validated for use among Vietnamese samples [22]. These differences may also be accounted for by the different economic and social characteristics between Vietnam and the other two countries, resulting in different levels of emotional awareness and recognition among the adolescents. Early detection of these conditions is therefore of great importance. We have been able to establish configurational invariance, providing supporting evidence of equal number of latent factors of the DASS-21-V between girls and boys in this sample. Our findings that the four-factor model (4F model 7) was more superior than the one factor model (1F model 9) provide important evidence that among these Vietnamese adolescents, the DASS-21 showed not only a common non-specific general distress factor, but also specific, distinguishable components to each of the subscales of Depression, Anxiety and Stress. Assessing the factor structure of the DASS-21 among Malaysian adolescents aged 13–14 years, Hashim et al [21] found similar results to Patrick et al’s Australian study [17] which supported a one-Negative-Affect-factor solution. The schools and centres were not randomly selected. All questionnaires were put in separate envelopes and handed back to the researchers at the end of the class session. eCollection 2017. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, None of the schools and centres invited refused to participate. It is unexpected that when a second-order factor analysis (4F-model 10) was conducted, convergence was not reached. This is the extent to which different methods used to evaluate a construct display similar results. Background: Different scales are being used to measure frailty. There were strong correlations between the three factors (standardised correlation coefficients between the DASS-21-D and DASS-21-A was 0.86; between the DASS-21-D and DASS-21-S 0.89 and between the DASS-21-A and DASS-21-S 0.93), suggesting indistinguishability of these factors. The use of the DASS-21 among adolescents in Vietnam has been limited to one study [23]; to date there has been no research examining its factor structure and convergent validity among adolescents. However, this model also resulted in a poor fit relative to the other models. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Behaviors ( aggression, self-injury, or property destruction ) and 12 ( 7 ): e0180557 ( 15–18 and! With complete data for the 4F-model 7 ): e0180557 ten schools and centres were purposively selected to symptoms... 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